The Poetry of Tony Harrison - 2614 Words

The Poetry of Tony Harrison Tony Harrison is almost certainly one of the most famous poets alive. Born in Leeds in 1937 he grew up in a working-class family. Harrison is a modern poet but chooses to use the traditional sonnet form as he considers the rigid structure and strict rhythm and rhyming rules which others find restricting, a challenge to him. He also sees it as a controlled technique of expressing his feelings. Francesco Petrach began using the sonnet at the beginning of Renaissance with his unusual rhyming pattern and stanzas of an octave and a sestet. Harrisons sonnets fit more into the structure of the later Shakespearean sonnet, with the ABABCDCD rhyming scheme and rhyming†¦show more content†¦These connotations come across well and it is striking for the reader, meaning they always have the thought of speech in their minds. The first section of the poem is mainly dialogue between his teacher and Harrison. He remembers a school production: I played the drunken porter in Macbeth. Harrisons teacher tells him Poetrys the speech of kings. Youre one of those Shakespeare gives the comic bits to. She makes him feel minor simply because of the way he speaks, and suggest he cannot speak gracefully enough for other parts. He refers to his own experiences that he clearly remembers distinctly which attract the readers attention and the reader becomes more sympathetic towards him. Harrison again shows his strong feelings on how society acts towards peoples speech differences in the quote your speech is in the hands of the Receivers. He is saying that their language has no value. He refers to speech in a context that is related with people who are bankrupt and have nothing left. This emphasises just how worthless the speech is, and how little value the way they pronounce it is. The second sonnet begins with colloquial speech and uses the language of the working class. He is showing that he does not care whatShow MoreRelatedWhat Is the Purpose of Inner Conflict (Poet vs Skinhead) in Tony Harrison ’S V?2105 Words   |  9 PagesLALI 400 U074N1814 What is the purpose of inner conflict (poet vs skinhead) in Tony Harrison ’s V? Tony Harrison by employing different voices and different linguistic styles he achieves to demonstrate the antithetic distinctions of personas belonging to different social and educational backgrounds. The shifts in linguistic styles in the poem, between his voice as a poet and to the skinhead clearly illustrate two characters that are completely contradictive. The poet is educated using elevatedRead MoreAnalysis of Tony Harrisons Poems Essays1225 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Tony Harrisons Poems After reading and analysing the three Tony Harrison poems I found that, they portray many relationships between families with three members. 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Hr Case Study Free Essays

Table of Contents Executive summary2 Problem identification and analysis 3 Statement of major problems4 7. Generation and evaluation of alternate solutions 5 7. 1 Reducing reliance on sales force5 7. We will write a custom essay sample on Hr Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 Introduce team based targets and reward systems5 7. 3 Survey sales force on time allocated for different job aspects6 7. 4 Set maximum amount of voluntary additional work hours6 8. Recommendations7 9. Implementations 8 10. Concluding Remarks9 11. References10 12. Turnitin Originality report11-12 Executive summary Annette, the newly appointed HR manager feels that Terry, the company sales manager, despite loving his job and being passionate about the work he does, is a workaholic. She is afraid that Terry will not be able to keep up with this hectic schedule and that it would soon affect his health and work life balance. Even though his working habits shine a positive light on the company, it gives a certain peer pressure to his sales team to work equally long hours even when Terry does not insist that anyone work as long as him. Furthermore, Annett does not agree with what the CEO intends to do, to give Terry recognition and reward for his dedication and outstanding result, as it is a result of extreme work habits. However, the CEO feels that no one is forcing Terry to work long hours, and might think of it as legal as it is a voluntary effort. Problem identification and analysis Harvard Analytical Framework for Human Resource Management Stake holder Long term Individual well-being disrupted burn out internal departmental stress unnecessary pressure from Terry leads to team resignation societal effect educes effectiveness of sales team from undue pressure Long term Individual well-being disrupted burn out internal departmental stress unnecessary pressure from Terry leads to team resignation societal effect reduces effectiveness of sales team from undue pressure HR outcomes Commitment to work long hours due to rewarding of extreme work attitude Non compliance to legislation due to voluntary long hours Creates competent work force in short run due to extra hours HR outcomes Commitment to work long hours due to rewarding of extreme work attitude Non compliance to legislation due to voluntary long hours Creates competent work force in short run due to extra hours Choices rewarding behavior job design Possible lack of technology in job Uses new sales as main cash flow generator Choices rewarding behavior job design Possible lack of technology in job Uses new sales as main cash flow generator Interests CEO HR manager TerryHRM policyHR outcomesLong-Term Sales Forcerewarding behavi Job desginCommitment Individual Compliancewell-being Situational Factors * Long work hours * Legislation * Business Strategy * dependant on sales and conditions * sales target philosophy * Task Technology * societal values Situational Factors * Long work hours * Legislation * Business Strategy * dependant on sales and conditions * sales target * philosophy * Task Technology * societal values Human resourceCongruenc Source: Beer et al (1984) One of the principal problems that are shown in the case is the willingness to reward extreme work behavior in the organization. This positive reinforcement of Terryâ€⠄¢s working behavior will be indirectly showing to others that to gain recognition in the company, you would have to adopt extreme working behaviors like Terry. Furthermore, there is legislation that defines the working hours of a full time employee. However, the main problem is that organization allows voluntary increased working hours as it is deemed beneficial for the company. A third problem is that the company is relying heavily on its sales force to generate profit. These could be due to high sales targets given by management which Terry can only achieve by increasing working hours excessively. Statement of major problems It can be derived that the company is relying heavily on its sales force, possibly on direct sales and new customers instead of recurring and retention of customers. This would be directly linked to the perceived need for Terry to increase working hours dramatically to fulfill his individual sales targets. Another Critical issue lies in the voluntary non-compliance of legislation. This, coupled with higher management of not only accepting extreme work habits, but with the intention of rewarding, would indirectly tell other employees that reward and recognition comes with extreme input of work hours. Furthermore, the sales force is obliged to work equally long hours like Terry, which would eventually result in this being custom and practice. This could be due to the setting of difficult individual performance measurements in terms of sales clinched per month. 7. Generation and evaluation of alternate solutions 7. 1 Reducing reliance on sales force. There is a heavy reliance on sales force to secure customers for the company. Instead of constantly sourcing new customers to meet individual targets, the sales force could work on retaining existing customers by practicing relationship marketing as it is more cost effective to do so. Relationship marketing is most applicable when the customer has choices of their suppliers and switching is coming and there is a continued need for the service (Berry. 2002). A great example would be the research done by Moon-Koo (2004) on Korean mobile telecommunications services which showed that the industry believes that the crucial future marketing strategy was to try to retain existing customers by increasing customer loyalty and customer value. Payne and Adrian (1994) concluded that securing of new clients is merely the first step in the marketing process, the crux lies in retaining the customer, with organizations often confirming that existing customers are not only more profitable than new customers, but also easier to sell to. The company should come up with customer loyalty schemes to retain customers, which will help the sales force with achieving sales targets 7. 2 Introduce team based targets and reward systems Another alternate solution would be to reduce individual target and rewards, and introduce team based sales target and reward system. Hackman Walton (1986) suggested that successful group work will contribute to the growth and personal well-being of team members. By reducing individual target and reward systems, not removing, it would ensure the sales force meet the minimum amount. However, with the team based targets and rewards in place and scaled slightly higher than the sum of all individual targets, the sales force would be motivated to strive towards achieving team based goals. Research has shown teams with difficult goals perform optimally when incentives are offered (Knight, 2001). Performance is directly influenced by goals, but incentives did not. The offer of an incentive increased the commitment of most teams with difficult goals, proving to be highly beneficial (Knight, 2001). 7. 3 Survey sales force on time allocated for different job aspects It would be best to survey the sales force to define which area of their job takes up the most time. Asking for the employee’s feedback to improve the work system has always proved invaluable, with research showing that 360-degree feedback boosting communications and performance of their managers and organizations (Bernardin Beatty, 1987). The 360-degree approach shows that without feedback there can only be minimal change, and that various constituencies can provide diverse viewpoints and information (London, 1993). In the research done by Marshall (1999), there is a change in communication-related technology, especially in the 1990s where there was an improvement in communication between salespeople and customers due to the reduction in salespeople travel requirements. By asking the sales force for their opinions, new systems, process and new technologies can be developed to help save time and energies. If these new technologies are inserted into the right parts of the job, such as online video calling existing customers to confirm advertising orders instead of travelling to meet them, a large portion of time would be saved without compromising on the quality of customer service. 7. 4 Set maximum amount of voluntary additional work hours According to Fairwork Australia website, a full time employee work an average of 38 hours per week, also under the National Employment Standards, Maximum eekly hours of work is 38 hours per week, plus reasonable additional hours. Terry is working 60 hours a week, 22 hours more than required. Even though it is voluntary, it is still a considerable health hazard to overwork consistently. Sparks et al. (1997) suggests that there is a small but significant positive trend that links increased hours of work to increased health symptoms. Buell Breslow (1960) also found that employees who work in sedentary positions for extended hours suffer from health pr oblems due to the lack of exercise. Having research proving that overworking consistently provides a multitude of health hazards, it can be determined that Terry is not taking reasonable care of his own health and safety which can be found under the work health and safety act Division 4 section 28- Duties of workers, while at work, a worker must: (a)   Take reasonable care for his or her own health and safety. A solution to prevent employees from voluntary overworking is to set a maximum amount of voluntary additional work hours. Regardless of whether employees are meeting their sales target within the normal working hours, they are allocated a maximum set of extra hours to either over perform or chase up to their sales targets. Recommendations In order to maintain the efficiency of the business while not impacting the overall performance of the sales department, it is recommended that a maximum amount of additional voluntary work hours be set in order to prevent working excessive extra hours as custom and practise. A 360 degree feedback should be carried out on the sales force to ascertain the most time consuming aspects of the job, and to develop solutions and put in place technology to save time to increase the efficiency of the sales force. Higher management would need to review the key performance indicators of the sales force, and reduce individual goals and set in place challenging team goals with additional incentives to motivate the sales force to achieve more in synergy. This would go hand in hand with the creation of customer loyalty schemes to retain existing customers, and training for the sales force would be needed to allow them to utilise the loyalty schemes to the company’s advantage. Implementations Reward Terry for dedication to firm| ASAP| Set in maximum additional voluntary work hours and explain to organization and work life balance| Immediately after rewarding Terry| 360 degree feedback of sales department| Depending on how big the sales department is. Estimated 6 months. Review KPIs and restructure to team settings| 1 year| Creation of customer loyalty schemes| In conjunction with restructuring to team goals| Terry would need to rewarded for his stellar performance for the company, where the recognition need to be structured politically correct as to prevent others from thinking Terry is being rewarded due to him putting in excessive hours. A follow up to that would be to implement maximum additional voluntary work hours after a clear work life balance talk to the company. This would put in place that to over achieve is good, but the organization does not support extreme work behaviors. The next step would be to hire an external agent to conduct a 360 feedback on the sales department to seek to reduce time hoarding elements of the job. It is essential to review new technologies and how they would assist the department in carrying out their jobs. Proper training would have to be provided to ensure the sales forces are kept up to date with the new technologies. After the aspects of the job have been redefined, higher management should review the KPI of the sales department and restructure more into collectivism with individual hybrid elements to motivate the sales force to work in teams to achieve even harder goals that is ever achievable by their own. This would go in conjunction with the sales force developing customer loyalty schemes as the sales force would know what attracts their clients the most and would thus be the best equipped to develop the loyalty schemes. Concluding remarks It is of paramount importance to not undermine the value of Terry’s work; however measures must be put in place to curb extreme work habits. The core structure of the a salesperson job aspect would need to be reviewed, so as to determine areas which can be revised with the addition of new technology to help save the time and energies of the work force. This, coupled with the restructuring the performance indicators to embrace a more collective approach by placing difficult team goals which when achieved, give higher incentives. This would motivate employees to work together in teams. Lastly, the organization needs to realize that retaining existing customers is more profitable than attracting new customers, and the company will benefit from requesting the sales force to create a customer loyalty scheme, and to incorporate it into a core component of the sale’s department duties. References 1. Bemardin, J. H. , Beatty, R. W. (1987). Can subordinate appraisals enhance managerial productivity? Sloan Management Review, 28(4), 63-73. 2. Bud, P. Breslow, L. (1960). Mortality from coronary heart disease in California men who work long hours. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 11, 61 5-626. 3. Hackman, J. R. amp; Walton, R. E. (1986) Leading groups in organizations. In: Designing Effective Work Groups, Goodman, P. (ed. ), pp. 72 ±119. Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco 4. Kim, Moon-Koo  (03/2004). â€Å"The effects of customer satisfaction and switching barrier on customer loyalty in Korean mobile telecommunication services†. Telecommunications policy  (0308-5961),  28  (2),  Ã‚  145. DOI:  10. 1016/j. telpol. 2003. 12. 003 5. Leonard L. Berry (2002): Relationship Marketing of Services. Perspectives from 1983 and 2000, Journal of Relationship Marketing, 1:1, 59-77 6. London, Manuel  (1993). â€Å"360-degree feedback as a competitive advantage†. Human resource management  (0090-4848),  32  (2-3),  Ã‚  353. DOI:  10. 1002/hrm. 3930320211 7. Marshall, Greg  W  (01/1999). â€Å"The Current State of Sales Force Activities†. Industrial marketing management  (0019-8501),  28  (1),  Ã‚  87. DOI:  10. 1016/S0019-8501(98)00025-X 8. Knight, D. (04/2001). â€Å"THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEAM GOALS, INCENTIVES, AND EFFICACY TO STRATEGIC RISK, TACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION, AND PERFORMANCE. â€Å". Academy of Management journal  (0001-4273),  44  (2),  Ã‚  326. DOI:  10. 2307/3069459 9. Sparks, K. , Cooper, C. , Fried, Y. and Shirom, A. (1997), The effects of hours of work on health: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70:  391–408. doi:  10. 1111/j. 2044-8325. 1997. tb00656. x 10. Payne, Adrian  (1994). â€Å"Relationship Marketing – Making the Customer Count†. Managing service quality  (0960-4529),  4  (6),  Ã‚  29. Turnitin Originality Report OHS case study  by Yuxuan Huang From Individual Work health and Safety Case (BUS320 – BUS320 Advanced Human Resource Perspectives (s1, 2013)) * Processed on 12-Mar-2013 5:19 PM WST * ID: 311507218 * Word Count: 2170 Similarity Index 16% Similarity by Source Internet  Sources: 12% Publications: 9% Student  Papers: 12% sources: 1 2% match (Internet from 17-Apr-2012) ttp://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/j. 2044-8325. 1997. tb00656. x/abstract 2 1% match (publications) Stacie Furst. â€Å"Virtual team effectiveness: a proposed research agenda†, Information Systems Journal, 10/1999 3 1% match (Internet from 21-Jan-2013) http://www. monarorfs. org . au/new-machi? limitstart=15 4 1% match (publications) Kate Sparks. â€Å"The effects of hours of work on health: A meta-analytic review†, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 12/1997 5 1% match (student papers from 30-Apr-2012) Submitted to University of Sydney on 2012-04-30 6 1% match (student papers from 08-Sep-2011) Submitted to Macquarie University on 2011-09-08 7 1% match (Internet from 06-Jul-2010) http://jom. sagepub. com/cgi/content/refs/36/1/5 8 1% match (Internet from 06-May-2009) http://members. chello. nl/~e. vanoverveld/images/Thesis. PDF 9 1% match (publications) Warech, M. A.. â€Å"Self-monitoring and 360-degree ratings†, The Leadership Quarterly, 199824 10 1% match (Internet from 10-Mar-2013) http://ro. uow. edu. au/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1301context=commpaperssei- 11 1% match (student papers from 12-May-2010) Submitted to University of Western Sydney on 2010-05-12 12 1% match (publications) Marshall, G. W.. â€Å"The Current State of Sales Force Activities†, Industrial Marketing Management, 199901 13 1% match (student papers from 25-Oct-2009) Submitted to Curtin University of Technology on 2009-10-25 14 1% match (Internet from 02-Apr-2010) http://www. wairc. wa. gov. au/Agreements/Agrmnt2005/PBF016. doc 15 1% match (publications) Karjaluoto, Heikki, Chanaka Jayawardhena, Matti LeppA ¤niemi, and Minna PihlstrA ¶m. â€Å"How value and trust influence loyalty in wireless telecommunications industry†, Telecommunications Policy, 2012. 16 1% match (student papers from 11-Sep-2009) Submitted to Univerza v Ljubljani on 2009-09-11 7 1% match (Internet from 16-Apr-2009) http://dissertations. port. ac. uk/357/01/BelliardC. pdf 18 1% match (Internet from 20-Feb-2009) http://www. busmgt. ulster. ac. uk/modules/bmg775m2/fig. doc 19 1% match (Internet from 18-Jan-2013) http://www. aom. pace. edu/amj/April2001/knight. pdf 20 1% match (Internet from 29-Apr-2012) http://www. vaw o. nl/documents/OccupationalstressAustraliauniversities. pdf 21 1% match (publications) Lee, Hyung Seok. â€Å"Major Moderators Influencing the Relationships of Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty†, Asian Social Science, 2013. 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The Scarlet Letter vs. the Great Gatsby free essay sample

She is also in conflict with her husband because he is not giving up on finding out who had an affair with her. This classic novel shares many literary elements with The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. However, can we say that both novels are similar? We will discuss this matter by comparing and contrasting the main male tragic heroes in each novel as well as the same themes used in each books. Nathaniel Hawthorne, the author of The Scarlet Letter, was born on July 4th 1804, in Salem, Massachusetts. He was the second child of a U. S Navy Captain who died of yellow fever in Suriname in 1808. Since he was only four years old, Nathaniel was raised by his older sibling and his mom. As he got older, he grew this insane love for writing. He wrote and published his first piece of literature, The Spectator, in the August of year 1820. To share his talents, he distributed that newsmagazine to all of his loved ones. A year later, Hawthorne enters in Bowdoin College, where he became friends with the future poet, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and future American President, Franklin Pierce. He then graduated in four years later in 1825. For the next ten years, Hawthorne begins to isolate himself from the world. He decides to stop talking to friends and family to focus on his writing to achieve his goal on becoming a successful author. Three years after his decade of intense isolation, Hawthorne publishes his first novel anonymously, Fanshawe. Unfortunately, Fanshawe did not bring success to Hawthorne at all. After publishing two more short stories with his original name, Nathaniel Hathorne, Hawthorne decides to add a â€Å"w† in his last name in 1830 for professional and personal uses. Nine years later, Hawthorne finds a job at the Custom House in Boston. A couple years after, he decides to quit his job to move Brook Farm in Massachusetts until the following November. After a three-year engagement, Hawthorne marries a painter named Sophia Peabody on July 9th 1842. He then has two children with her: Una, his daughter, and Julian, his son. A couple years after his children’s birth, Hawthorne loses his job at the Salem Custom House because of a political shakeup. To revenge his frustration against his town, he starts to work on The Scarlet Letter, a novel that talks about hypocrisy and adultery in Salem. A month later, Hawthorne enters into a deep depression after the death of his mother but still keeps writing on his novel which is published in March, 1850 and becomes a huge success. A little over a decade later, after his third child was born, Hawthorne dies on May 19th, 1864 on a vacation with Franklin Pierce, a friend and the former President of America. To begin, The Scarlet Letter and The Great Gatsby share many similar characteristics in the two main male characters: Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale from The Scarlet Letter and Jay Gatsby from The Great Gatsby. First of all, they had both committed adultery with the woman they fell in love with. Also, they are both tragic heroes; they are noble but imperfect, successful and powerful men but deal with aggravation in their personal lives and, theses two characters brought their own downfall with their hamartia. Dimmesdale was a respected Reverend who was gifted with wisdom. He lived most of his life in secrecy and regret when he kept silent that he was the man who had committed adultery with Hester Prynne. Because of this, until he spoke the truth, Hester was not respected and was discriminated in their community. Additionally, their society did not consider her daughter as a human because they did not know who the father was. Gatsby was also a noble and successful man but he was not happy with his life. He was disappointed of his past because his born into a poor family and he was trying to win back the love of his life but couldn’t because she was married. Gatsby and Dimmesdale are also similar in the fact that they were both suffering for the woman they loved. Dimmesdale really wanted to reveal that he was the father of Hester’s daughter but did not want to suffer from the consequences. Gatsby also wanted to expose his love for Daisy and win her back but he had to surpass the obstacle of her being married to a different man. Although these two tragic heroes are similar, they also share some contracting elements. Firstly, they both live in different time periods; Dimmesdale lived in the 19th century and Gatsby lived in the 20th century. In addition, both characters have different meanings for love. For example, n the novel The Great Gatsby, when Jay Gatsby confesses his love for Daisy, we notice he is only focusing on how much he loved her house and her possessions. â€Å"He hadn’t once ceased looking at Daisy, and I think he revalued everything in his house according to the measure of response it drew from her well-loved eyes. Sometimes, too, he stared around at his possessions in a dazed way, as though in her actual and ast ounding presence none of it was any longer real. Once he nearly toppled down a flight of stairs. † (Fitzgerald 96). Therefore, Gatsby only loved Daisy for her wealth and her social class. On the other hand, Arthur Dimmesdale truly loved Hester Prynne for who she was from the beginning. Consequently, Gatsby is shallow compared to Dimmesdale. Furthermore, Gatsby did not have any real friends. Most of the people he hung out with where his business partners who only used him to make money and attend his fancy parties. On the contrary, Dimmesdale was surrounded with people who truly loved him and respected him for who he was. This is why when Gatsby died, almost nobody attended his funeral and Dimmesdale died in the arms of his loved ones. As a final point, these characters have both similar and contrasting elements. In addition, The Scarlet Letter and The Great Gatsby both have common themes: adultery and the judgment of society. By way of contrast, the same themes of each story are explained differently. To begin, in both novels, the theme of adultery is explained in unison: adultery will lead to many consequences. It is the theme of how society is judging adultery that is important. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne had an affair with Dimmesdale and her society did not agree with this action. She was punished for her decisions and had to spend years being discriminated by her own friends and neighbors. It wasn’t until the end of the book, when Dimmesdale came forward of him being Pearl’s father, that Hester and Dimmesdale seeked forgiveness and became free of guilt by becoming better people. As Pearl grew older, Hester’s society appreciated her and looked up to her as a mother figure; â€Å" Such helpfulness was found in her – so much power to do and power to sympathize – that many people refused to interpret the scarlet â€Å"A† by its original signification. They said it was â€Å"Able†; so strong was Hester Prynne, with a woman’s strength† (Hawthorne 145). Hence, in the time period that Hester lived in, her community put a lot of energy and cares towards tradition and did not believe in those satanic actions. However, in the novel, The Great Gatsby, when Tom had his affairs with Myrtle and when Daisy had her affairs with Gatsby, all of their friends and family knew about it but did not care because it was none of their business. The society they lived in only cared about living the American dream. These characters only committed adultery for the pleasure of it. They had no remorse for one another. But, Daisy and Tom both felt guilty when the people they were committing adultery with had died of tragic accidents. They were both suffering from their pains. It was only Nick Carraway, Daisy’s cousin, who thought that their actions were inappropriate and disgusting. As a final point, both novels share similar themes but are judged differently. To answer the question, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, is similar to F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. We can conclude with this answer because Arthur Dimmesdale and Jay Gatsby are two different characters that made the same mistakes and had the same ambitions: committing adultery with the woman they loved and wishing to be with them for the rest of their lives no matter how big their obstacles are. Also, both novels share the same themes and messages on how adultery can cause a negative affect in one’s life. On the other hand, since both stories were written in different time periods, the community in where the characters lived in had a different point of view on adultery. Works cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott, and Matthew J. Bruccoli. The Great Gatsby. New York: Collier, 1992. Print. Nathaniel Hawthorne Biography. Nathaniel Hawthorne. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Jan. 2013. Nathaniel Hawthorne Timeline. Shmoop. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Jan. 2013. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter: Includes DVD. New York: Signet Classics, 2005. Print. [ 1 ]. Nathaniel Hawthorne Timeline. Shmoop. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Jan. 2013. [ 2 ]. Nathaniel Hawthorne Biography. Nathaniel Hawthorne. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Jan. 2013. [ 3 ]. Hamartia: flaw, mistake or error.

Primary Colors Essays - Films, Primary Colors, Susan Stanton

Primary Colors "Primary Colors" is a fictional account of a presidential primary campaign. The book is writen by Anonymous, who we now know is Newsweek colunmnist Joe Klein. Klein includes a disclainer saying he invented the characters and situations, but I feel that the book is about the Clintons. All the events are there. The champaign takes place in 1992. Stanton is the governor of a small Southern state. He has an authoritative wife, Suzan. He also has problems with promisuity, draft dodging, and war protest. The central charactor of the book is not Jack Stanton but the narrator Henry Burton. Former congressional aide and grandson of the famous civil rights leader, Harvey Burton. Henry tells the story of Governor Jack Stanton's presidential campaign. Young, black and no novice to insider politics, he signs on as deputy campaign manager but rapidly becomes the Governor's right hand man and psychological confident. Henry struggles with his role in the campaign, his responsibility to the candidate, and most disturbingly with how much he actually knows and believes in the real Jack Stanton--the man he would help become the leader of the United States of America. He also developes an odd comradeship in the manic, obsessive Richard Jemmons. The governor of a small southern state, Jack Stanton is the consummate politician. His love for the American people is palpable, but starkly contrasted with his relentless pursuit of power and his on-going sexual indiscretions. He is a master of the political system. Stanton has gone to great measures to surround himself with unwavering supporters, from his wife Susan Stanton to people he connects with along the campaign. Stanton is man who wants to be president and will let nothing, least of all his own actions, stand in his way. Susan Stanton is a skilled lawyer and experienced campaigner. She shares the Governor's same ruthless desire but is as careful as he is careless. She never falters from standing by her man, but to underestimate her is to misunderstand the power she wields behind the scenes of both the campaign and the Governor's Mansion. Together they are a formidable couple. She knows as well as he that they can only reach their dream together. Susan's identity is tied to her husband's, but the control of the relationship is clearly hers. She has her own way of dealing with his weaknesses. Nicknamed the "Dustbuster," Libby Holden has always been there in the past to clean up Governor Stanton's extracurricular indiscretions. Newly released from the loony bin for this campaign, she is back and ready for action. And there is plenty of dust for her to bust! Her methods are sometimes extreme but she is constantly looking for the truth and always, always gets the job done. An overwhelming presence, she is keeper of all the Stanton secrets; she knows both the Governor and his wife inside and out or thinks she does. Known as the best democratic political strategist, Richard Jemmons is not your run-of-the-mill campaign spin doctor. An explosive, hyper, and usually manic presence, he knows how elections work but can't quite seem to get a grasp of his newest responsibility. At times obsessive, Jemmons knows better than anyone and earlier than anyone, that the most dangerous threat to the Stanton campaign is not an opposing candidate but Stanton himself and his own checkered past. Up-and-coming media consultant, Daisy Green is responsible for the public perception of the Governor. She is outspoken, fast-talking and a New Yorker at heart. Daisy never quite makes it into the inner circle of the Stanton campaign. She does however fall in love with Henry Burton. She discovers that the relationship, if it is going to work, must survive the treacherous terrain of the political playing field. All though this book we wonder if this a story about the Clintons. Like Stanton, Clinton has been a politician since his college days. Like bill Clinton, Jack Stanton has a hard time keeping his pants on around good looking women. Jack Stanton's campaign suffers from its own "bimbo eruptions." Klein describes a complex man, like all great men, has large virtues and failings. I feel that the author does love a part of Clinton, which he labeled Jack Stanton.

Murder Investigation Essay Essays

Murder Investigation Essay Essays Murder Investigation Essay Essay Murder Investigation Essay Essay Murder Investigation Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Institution: Date: Murder Investigation Essay Criminal psychology is essentially described as a learning of both mental and behavioral aspects of a criminal. Hence, serial homicide psychology is essentially described as the study of the mental and behavioral aspects of a serial killer. A serial killer is described as an individual who commits specific murders because he or she is driven by a particular desire and urge to kill individuals. A serial killer is defined as such when he or she is involved in the murder of a minimum of three people. In essence serial homicide is executed in manner that there is usually what is defined as a â€Å"cooling off† period between the murders with the intent of making the murders seem unconnected. The cooling off period is used by serial killer to strategize, plan and evaluate the public reactions of people in the society. The Federal Bureau describes that the mind of a serial killer is driven by several elements such as thrill, financial gain and the need of attention form the police as well as the society. The prey of a serial killer is usually unaware of the presence of a murder seeking their blood for various reasons. Majority of serial murders are usually executed in a similar manner, which makes tem easily linkable to the serial killer (Andrews Bonta, 2010). Essentially the motivation of murder by a serial killer is usually based on psychological issues. Hence, scientists as well as theorists seek to understand the functions inside the mind of a serial killer towards murder. In addition, the traits exhibited by a serial killer are not detailed within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) of American Psychiatric Association does not define any behavior exhibited by serial killers as part of mental illnesses. Majority of the serial killers usually exhibit antisocial personality disorders, which are not entailed as part of mental illnesses within the DSM manuals (Andrews Bonta, 2010). Individuals with Anti-Social Personality Disorders (ASPD) usually have long histories of confrontation with the law and end up arrested by law enforcement officers (Andrews Bonta, 2010). In addition, such individuals are also involved in physical confrontations with people they met in the various social settings. They are also descried as individuals with excellent oratory skills such that they are able to tell lies without notice from their listener. Some are also unable to stay in employment, as they tend to get hostile with other employees as well as the employer due to their confrontational behavior. Some psychologists regard psychopathic behavior as an advanced form of ASPD. Furthermore, they also view that psychopathic behavior is usually exhibited more in men than in women. Psychopaths usually have antisocial tendencies, which are more advanced because of the additional behavior, which they tend to exhibit, thus making them difficult to diagnose and eventually give treatment. The main traits exhibited are the lack of responsibility for actions as well the lack of remorse and guilt for their actions. They are also usually paranoid and suspicious of all activities around them as if they think that people around them want to victimize them. Serial killers generally love the power and attention they accrue from holding and killing their victims. They essentially need the thrill and attention they accrue from holding their victims hostage and doing away with the victim by death. Majority of the serial killers usually have histories of neglect and child abuse leading to a need to seek attention in manners, which they know, through violence. Hence the means to vent out the anger emanating from a history of neglect and violence results in use of identical or higher levels of violence to seek and attention and vent out their anger. The media attention granted to the serial killers is usually a motivating factor for the killers. This is because they learn that their efforts are recognized, hence they seek to commit heinous acts to gain attention, while venting out their anger. Once a serial killer is involved in murder, he or she grows the need to commit more identical acts to satisfy the innate psychological needs, which migh t be emotional, physical or sexual. Majority of the serial killers are described to have a psychological disorder, which is the main cause for their antisocial and unstable behavior. Hence, their activities are usually related to one of more of the psychological disorders detailed in the DSM manuals for psychological disorders. Some of most high profile serial killers in the world exhibited mental instabilities and obsession in their activities. For instance, Gary Leon Ridgeway alias the Green River Killer was charged and convicted of at least 48 murders of women. However, he confessed that he had killed more than double the number, which had been identified. Majority of the women he had killed were prostitutes. He was able to exercise such because as a serial killer he had the ability to lure the women with the promise of money for sexual favors. He gained the alias Green River Killer after the first five of his victims were discovered in the Green River. His main method of killing was by strangling and with the use of ligatures. This is an express indication of the lack of consideration and respect for human life. He used such methods to make sure that he that felt powerful as he took away the lives of the women that he killed (Waller, 2010). Another infamous serial killer famed for his actions was John Wayne Gacy, who was a member of the Junior Chamber Of Commerce. He confessed about the murders of numerous people some of whom were not accounted for by the authorities. He was a respected member of society. However, he had an abusive relationship with his abusive alcoholic father. There were suspicion that he was a child molester and homosexual. This is an indication that previous childhood experiences might have had role in his killings. Theodore Robert Cowell alias Ted Bundy was an infamous serial killer in the 1946 who was famed for his good looks. This enabled him to lure his victims with ample ease to their death. He used various approaches such as posing as a police officer, firefighter and other workers to gain trust from his potential victims. He was responsible for killing 40 women after raping them and eventually mutilating their bodies. He confessed to the murders. Eventually, he was executed. It is claimed that before he dumped his bodies, he applied make up to the dead woman and slept with them (Bartol, Bartol, 2008). Mass murder is essentially described as the act of killing more than four individuals at the same time or over a relatively short period. In addition, the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) describes that mass murders are characterized by the time of occurrence, which separates them from the definition of serial murders or homicide (FBI Serial Murders Report, 2009). They usually occur during the â€Å"cooling off† period. Furthermore, mass murders usually occur in a specific location whereby all the victims are killed in a single location or a vicinity of a particular location. In essence, mass murder is defined as the intentional and indiscriminate murder of individuals by either individuals or organizations. Serial killers when involved in the murder of large numbers of people, usually execute such plans in a longer period. Serial murders are usually instigated and executed based on psychological needs and imbalance by the serial killers. On the other hand, mass murders are usually aimed at execution of large numbers of people without discrimination of the victims. Hence, the difference between mass murders and serial murders are based on the selection of the victims. Mass murders are at times based on killing of family, friends, colleagues and strangers based on an individual belief. Such events usually have motivating factors such as bullying, racism, loss of employment, lack of attention, discrimination and perceived alienation of an individual. Hence, a mass murderer executes his or her activities of killing people because of previous encounters and experiences with a targeted group of individuals. Mass murders are usually based on various contexts. Death of people a result of an act of war is by some in society considered as mass murder. On the other hand, others consider that mass murder amounts to death of people who do not have any reason to face such cruelty. They simply become victims of fate. Mass murders are also based on political contexts such as during the execution and murder of political supporters of a specific grouping. This is at times regarded as genocide based on the numbers of people executed in such circumstances (Geberth, 2006). The definition of serial homicide from the Bureau of Justice Statistics defines serial homicide as an act that involves the murder of several individuals in separate events, which are separated by time but are executed in a similar fashion or signature. This gives definition to the serial killer. A serial killer and a spree killer usually have identical traits in the execution styles of their activities. A spree killer is described as one with the ability of hunting for the victims whereas the serial killer uses seduction and luring tactics to lure the victims to their demise. In addition, serial killers actualize their need to kill based merely on sadistic urges, which are essentially defined as psychopathic. Furthermore, their sociopathic and unsociable traits make them unable to interact and sympathize with others about their suffering. Hence, the lack of remorse is usually a trait evident in majority serial murderers (Waller, 2010). In conclusion, serial killing is based on psychological instabilities and disorders of an individual. On the other hand, mass murders are usually executed at a specific moment. However, the two instances are identical in that serial killing and mass murder involve premeditation of such efforts before the actual execution of plans to kill large numbers of people. In essence, both perspectives involve taking the lives of people who are unaware of such preplanned events aimed at actualizing their demise. Reference Andrews, D. A., Bonta, J. (2010). The psychology of criminal conduct. Albany, N.Y.: Lexis Nexis/Anderson Pub. Bartol, C. R., Bartol, A.M. (2008). Criminal Behavior: A Psychological Approach. New York: Pearson Prentice Hall. FBI Serial Murders Report. (2009). Serial Murder: Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives for Investigators. Behavioral Analysis Unit: National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime. Retrieved from fbi.gov/publications/serial_murder.htm on March 9, 2010. Geberth, V. J. (2006). Practical homicide investigation: Tactics, procedures, and forensic techniques. Boca Raton, FL: CRC/Taylor Francis. Waller, S. (2010). Serial killers philosophy: Being and killing. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.

A Definition of Regular Education

A Definition of Regular Education Regular Education  is the term often used to describe the educational experience of typically developing children. The content of this curriculum is defined in most states by state standards, many which have adopted the Common Core State Standards. These standards define the academic skills that students should acquire at each grade level.  This is the Free and Appropriate Public Education  against which the program of a student who receives special education is evaluated. General Education is used interchangeably with regular education but is preferred. It is better to speak of general education students as opposed to regular education students. Regular implies that special education students are irregular, or somehow flawed. Once again, General Education is the curriculum designed for all children which are meant to meet state standards, or if adopted, the Common Core State Standards.  The General Education program is also the program which the states annual test, required by NCLB (No Child Left Behind,) is designed to evaluate.   Regular Education and Special Education IEPs and Regular Education: To provide FAPE for special education students, IEP goals should be aligned with the Common Core State Standards.  In other words, they should show that a student is being taught to the standards.  In some cases, with children whose disabilities are severe, IEPs will reflect a more functional program, which will be very loosely aligned with the Common Core State Standards, rather than directly linked to specific grade level standards.  These students are most often in self-contained programs.  They are also the most likely to be part of the three percent of students allowed to take an alternate test. Unless students are in the most restrictive environments, they will spend some time in the regular education environment.  Often, children in self-contained programs will participate in specials such as physical education, art, and music with students in the regular or general education programs.  When assessing the amount of time spent in regular education (part of the IEP report) time spent with typical students in the lunchroom and on the playground for recess is also credited as time in the general education environment.   Testing Until more states eliminate testing, participation in high stakes state tests aligned to the standards is required of special education students.  This is meant to reflect how the students perform alongside their regular education peers.  States are also permitted to require that students with severe disabilities are offered an alternate assessment, which should address the state standards.  These are required by Federal Law, in the ESEA (Elementary and Secondary education act) and IDEIA.  Only 1 percent of all students are allowed to take an alternate test, and this should represent 3 percent of all students receiving special education services. Examples: A statement in an IEP: John spends 28 hours each week in a regular education third-grade classroom with his typical peers where he receives instruction in social studies and science.

Art image Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Art image - Essay Example The addition of text into the image will improve accessibility and understanding (Nadaner 26)The product targets female as such its advert should have the females because it is gender specific. The image relates perfectly with the concept of marginalization by indicating the segregation and perception existing in the society. The failure to address the issue of feminism and gender roles is reflected in the image through the figures used in advertising. The level of creativity depicted in the image is high with the focus being on the figures and the text (Zolberg and Cherbo 66). The message is passed across accurately and creates a sense of belonging to the users of the product. It creates the desire to associate with the image. Images are inspired through concept broadcast and accessibility (Hooks 17). The change in the image ensured accessibility of the information passed across and the understanding of the focus of the artist. In conclusion, the image captures the three main concepts of belonging, marginalization and

Volcano Probe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Volcano Probe - Essay Example Pressure and temperature changes in a volcano leads to its structure and its overall behavior in regard to the period of formation to the eruption period. It is pressure and temperature that explains how a volcano is formed and how it erupts on to the earth surface in the long run (Beatty, 1998, p. 67). In general volcanoes normally occur in areas where tectonic plates diverge or converge or where the earth crust stretch or thin as in the case of African Rift Valley. Similarly, volcanoes can arise as a result of mantle plumes or hotspots which may occur far from the platonic plate's boundaries. Where volcanoes occur due to divergence of platonic plates, new oceanic crust is formed by hot molten lock or the magma which slowly cool and solidify. In essence, the crust is very thin at these ridges as a result of tectonic plates pull. Pressure resulting from the crust thinning gives rise to adiabatic expansion with a new oceanic crust forming as a result of partial melting of the mantle. In regard to converging platonic plates, the collision of a continental plate and an oceanic plate results into a subduction zone which by extension results into the submersion of the oceanic plate under the continental plate. The subducting layer releases water which lowers the temperature of the mantl e wedge above the result of which is magma creation. On the other hand, hotspots which are commonly located above mantle plumes where there is convection of the mantle of the earth results into a column of hot material that rises up to the earth crust. Plume temperature causes the crust to melt forming pipes useful in venting magma (Beatty, 1998, p. 98). Following the above discussion, designing a volcano probe would require one to properly analyse the factors and forces behind volcano formation. In essence, one would be required to put into consideration the thermal forces involved and it is at this point that knowledge of thermal physics becomes essential. In this case, one would be required to design a temperature and pressure measuring system that is compatible with changes in the two parameters and which can withstand huge changes for that matter. As such, one would be required to consider the materials with which the pressure and temperature measuring system is built from as some materials may not be able to withstand huge changes in these two parameters. For example, metals are known to melt under different temperatures with some melting at lower temperatures than the others. Still, some of these metals when exposed to high pressures react or behave differently from the others (A.I.P. 2000, p. 56). Any component designed to study the behavior of a volcano will have to put into consideration all the thermal physics aspects of pressure and temperature among other things. Such things include the permissible pressure range of the pressure sensor and the temperature range of the temperature sensor to be used in the measuring instrument. Equally important is the pressure and temperature range of the outer structure inhibiting the sensors. Moreover, the data collected by these sensors will need to be transmitted to a receiver through a transmitter.

How the English Tell Jokes Essay Example for Free

How the English Tell Jokes Essay I assume that the reader of this essay may have had heard of the story of the tower of Babel. It is a story from the Bible (no intention of offense to those who aren’t supposed to read it) about men trying to reach the heavens by building a really, as in very tall tower. In the story, all men initially had one language that can be understood by all. God was offended and infuriated by the tower so He had effortlessly destroyed many years worth of efforts of all men back then. God had punished all men by giving them so many languages so that there was confusion because men can’t understand each other anymore. So those with the same languages had grouped together. I had assumed that in this story, the Englishmen were very easy to pinpoint among the crowd consisting of all of humanity. The Englishmen were probably the only race that was laughing about what happened to the tower. The Englishmen could have been joking about the tower looking like a Poseidon’s boner and consistently laughing at the ‘bloke’ who had thought of building such a tower. American comedy sure is popular around the globe, but people forget to give the credit to the ones that inspired some American comedians excel in the field of making people laugh until tears fall from their eyes while having stomach spasms from laughing uncontrollably. Who would forget the English classics like Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and Little England, not to mention contemporary shows like Mr. Bean, The Office, The Monty Phyton, and many more? (Taylor, 2004)There was certainly something special with English comedy for it to gain worldwide appreciation. Was it because there were something different in the way English people tell and deliver their jokes? Or is it that the English humor itself is very different thus making it a special kind of humor? Does the accent of the English people have something to do with their world-renowned good delivery of funny jokes? Of course these inquiries are quite improbable to arrive at single answers. But still, this essay will try to present the possible reasons why Englishmen are so funny. The essay will also strive to give the reader a concrete idea of the manner of how the Englishmen tell their funny jokes. The Englishmen, and that include women of course, take pride in being one of the happiest, if not craziest (in the most admirable sense of the word) cultures that has made this world laugh and laugh all over again. In fact, it is one of England’s best known positive traits, being funny like hell. There even exists such extreme notion that goes something like the country of England is the nation that has more humor than any other nation. But wait, that extreme notion doesn’t end there. The country of England even believes that they are consistently funnier too. For me, that notion doesn’t really give out a negative feel to it. Well, of course some other nations may have the same claims. But still, those other nations won’t have the archive of evidences of comedic superiority of the Englishmen. There even exist testimonies from foreigners that have set foot on England. They had testified that England is indeed a place wherein you’d be remembering jokes when you remember your stay there. England’s incomparable humor is something that every Englishmen should be proud and boast about their country. We can even consider that one of England’s best and highest-quality of imports is English humor. It is England’s gift to the world. It appears that the music wasn’t the only gift of England to the whole of the world, it was but laughter. Another almost equally admirable about the Englishmen is that they have this really commendable humor that can laugh at themselves and at their own failures. That trait gives a very positive and a cheerful quality to the Englishman, which are I believe necessary traits for every comedian regardless of race. But still of course, foreigners may have a very different reaction, since everything in this world is relative. Some foreigners wouldn’t even find the jokes of England as funny as their own personal taste won’t adhere to the mild dose of self-deprecation, hefty amount of sarcasm, and a barrage of irony and satire. These comedic elements are conventionally found in the jokes of Englishmen. Some people may find the English jokes as dry humor, at least, or humorless at worst. The reason behind this conflict in the differences of humor is that some people are conservative, while some are even more conservative beyond the word conservative can even define. Some English jokes go to the extent of being vulgar and green-mannered. Ergo, some of the non-English, or even some English conservatives, can’t help but be offended. But since England is such a fun loving nation, I guess the number of the â€Å"some† that got offended is not worth in comparison to making people laugh (Burton, 1857: 322). I certainly agree with the Englishmen with this kind of thinking since I also believe ethics, religion, and rules of conventions are what make this world a sad place. Why can’t we all not laugh about them just like the Englishmen do? The reason why I had spent almost half of the paper discussion about how a fun and humor loving nation England is, is because I believe that that is the main reason why English jokes are so funny. They are people who loves fun and they pass time making jokes and laughing at them. In that sense they have much practice in the field of humor more than any other country. Through that argument we can even call the people of England as experts of humor. Another reason of why is started praising England’s fun loving attitude is that they believe in their jokes, they are confident about it that is why these jokes are so effective. We all know that believing in something really makes that thing work. Just like how many high-school basketball team that doesn’t win a game tell its players to believe to achieve. But what make English humor so special is the people of England themselves. Since England really believes that they are the funniest people in the world, they become what they believe they really are. It is like some sort of self-fulfilling prophecy in the world of humor. I guess a comedian should be first convinced with one’s self that he or she is funny before that individual sets out to do something funny. England’s self-concept of being the funniest nation is really ideal for aspiring comedians. That maybe the why there are so many comedians in England, from the local comedy bar to the television (or telly as how they put it) to the streets or even in their politics. One of the most probable reason why England posses such good-humored self-concept (of the country) is because they had they had a rich and very interesting history. Instead of crying over sad parts of their history, the Englishmen had learned how to laugh at their own misfortunes. Here is an example of a joke that expresses England’s frustrations about their failures in the World Cup: Two Blokes talking while watching a soccer game†¦ Bloke 1: Is there a difference between the country of England and a bag of tea? Bloke 2: I don’t know. What? Bloke 1: There is much chance that the bag of tea will stay longer in the cup. (The English Sense of Humor) If we really try to asses how the people of England tell their jokes, we are bound to discover that they just tell their jokes like most cultures do. The English humor is not much different with the whole of the world. If we dissect popular English jokes, we would discover that they also employ basic elements of comedy like proper timing, understatement and exaggeration. These elements are not even advanced techniques in the field of comedy. These are just basic elements that even a ten-year-old can employ with his jokes. These comedic elements are just common knowledge that we hear and even do execute on a daily basis without even knowing it. The English are just telling jokes just like everyone of us. The English also follow certain conventions of delivering good jokes. Among these conventions is the use of the situation, action, punch line technique. This technique is so familiar to us I believe that it doesn’t require elaboration. This is the comedic technique that is made popular especially by stand-up comedians. (Howe, 1898: 12) To give us more light regarding the issue of English humor, the essay of Nicholson, aptly given the title The English Sense of Humor, he had specified elements that he believes constitute the very funny English jokes. Some of these elements are kindliness, fancy, and laziness (Nicholson, 1946: 43). Setting aside the kindliness element, we can see that the other elements, fancy and laziness are giving out a negative connotation. I know that the author had no bad intention of portraying the people of England in a negative light, but it is beyond the control of the author to control the opinion of others who might interpret the essay as portraying English people as fanciful and lazy. One the main reason why the people of England are so good in delivering jokes is that they are honest people. Honest in terms of being comfortable to express their opinions and share their experiences, may it be sad or glad, through beautifully constructed and delivered jokes. I guess since I arrived to the conclusion that the humor of the English people is not much different from they the whole world is delivering their jokes. It guess that since we can’t arrive in a substantial concrete answers to the query, we will just have to go with the most practical explanation. We can conclude that the English are good at telling jokes because of their cheerful and fun loving attitude. They love to laugh, so they make jokes to continue the thing that they love. Also their unique accent is quite efficient for delivering jokes. List of References Burton, W. E. (1857)Cyclopedia of Wit and Humor, of America, Ireland, Scotland, and England. New York: D. Appleton Co. Howe, W. H. (1898)English Wit and Humor. Michigan: University of Michigan Press Nicholson, H. (1946)The English Sense of Humor: An Essay. London: Dropmore Publishing Taylor. I. (2004)Exploring Englishness. Available from: http://www. zyworld. com/albionmagazineonline/features2. htm The English Sense of Humor. [Internet Discussion]. Available from: http://www. anglik. net/britishjokes. htm [Accessed 8 March 2008]

Alfarabi And Aristotle: The Four Causes And The Four Stages Of The Doc

Alfarabi and Aristotle: The Four Causes and The Four Stages of The Doctrine of The Intelligence Alfarabi was raised as a young boy in Baghdad. His early life was spent studying the art of linguistics, philosophy, and logic. His teachers were Syrian Christians experts in Greek philosophy. He studied Aristotle and Plato in detail, and it became evident in his later writings that they were a strong influence on him. He became quite a prolific writer, and he wrote more than 100 works, many of which have unfortunately been lost including his a lot of his commentaries on Aristotle. He was one of the earliest Islamic thinkers to transmit to the world of his time the doctrines of Plato and Aristotle. He is considered by many to be the founder of an authentic philosophy. His writings created a lot of support, debate, and controversy. He contributed materials on the proof of the existence of the First Principle, and on the theory of emanation, as well as the theory of knowledge, in addition to his commentaries on Greek philosophers. The Greek influence is clearly present in his works, especially with his Opinions of the Inhabitants of a Virtuous City, where he laid down a philosophical, religious, and social system for the humanity at large; a system that sought to break barriers and facilitate relations among people and nations. This work sounded very similar to the work presented by Plato in Plato's Republic. They both took into consideration the matter of city/state, who was to govern, who was to be governed, how this governing was to take place, how it was to be enforced, and so on. It also appears clear that he was influenced greatly by Aristotle. This influence is present in his "Doctrine of the Intellect". The Doctrine of the intellect was Alfarabi's approach to giving his own interpretation to the intellect. There are strong similarities between Alfarabi's Doctrine of the Intellect and Aristotle's "Four Causes". Needless to say that they each are comprised of four stages, but the stages seem very similar, they seem to be representative of one another, almost to the point of defining one another. It will be demonstrated that Alfarabi used Aristotle's "Four Causes" to derive and support the Doctrine of the Intellect. Alfarabi draws off of Ar... ... of Alfarabi, then it is clear that there was a strong Aristotelianism influence on Alfarabi. This is evident in several of the writings such as in his mentions of the four senses, intellect in potentiality, intellect in actuality, acquired intellect, and with the agent intellect. There are several other writings that are credited to Alfarabi that were based on Plato and Aristotle, so there is no real reason to assume that these writings were not those of Alfarabi. It appears that Alfarabi uses the basic principles of Aristotle and has applied them to his principles of the Doctrine of the Intellect in order to rationalize his philosophy. Alfarabi was a philosopher that grabbed new ideas and harnessed them with some of the greatest philosophical minds known to man. He took Aristotle to a new level, doesn't any true philosopher? He embodied the thoughts of previous minds, and united them with his own and became a very powerful influence on Islamic philosophy. It is clear that Aristotle was used to develop his Doctrine of the Intellect. The similarities, the context, and the rational are too similar to belong to anyone else. Alfarabi And Aristotle: The Four Causes And The Four Stages Of The Doc Alfarabi and Aristotle: The Four Causes and The Four Stages of The Doctrine of The Intelligence Alfarabi was raised as a young boy in Baghdad. His early life was spent studying the art of linguistics, philosophy, and logic. His teachers were Syrian Christians experts in Greek philosophy. He studied Aristotle and Plato in detail, and it became evident in his later writings that they were a strong influence on him. He became quite a prolific writer, and he wrote more than 100 works, many of which have unfortunately been lost including his a lot of his commentaries on Aristotle. He was one of the earliest Islamic thinkers to transmit to the world of his time the doctrines of Plato and Aristotle. He is considered by many to be the founder of an authentic philosophy. His writings created a lot of support, debate, and controversy. He contributed materials on the proof of the existence of the First Principle, and on the theory of emanation, as well as the theory of knowledge, in addition to his commentaries on Greek philosophers. The Greek influence is clearly present in his works, especially with his Opinions of the Inhabitants of a Virtuous City, where he laid down a philosophical, religious, and social system for the humanity at large; a system that sought to break barriers and facilitate relations among people and nations. This work sounded very similar to the work presented by Plato in Plato's Republic. They both took into consideration the matter of city/state, who was to govern, who was to be governed, how this governing was to take place, how it was to be enforced, and so on. It also appears clear that he was influenced greatly by Aristotle. This influence is present in his "Doctrine of the Intellect". The Doctrine of the intellect was Alfarabi's approach to giving his own interpretation to the intellect. There are strong similarities between Alfarabi's Doctrine of the Intellect and Aristotle's "Four Causes". Needless to say that they each are comprised of four stages, but the stages seem very similar, they seem to be representative of one another, almost to the point of defining one another. It will be demonstrated that Alfarabi used Aristotle's "Four Causes" to derive and support the Doctrine of the Intellect. Alfarabi draws off of Ar... ... of Alfarabi, then it is clear that there was a strong Aristotelianism influence on Alfarabi. This is evident in several of the writings such as in his mentions of the four senses, intellect in potentiality, intellect in actuality, acquired intellect, and with the agent intellect. There are several other writings that are credited to Alfarabi that were based on Plato and Aristotle, so there is no real reason to assume that these writings were not those of Alfarabi. It appears that Alfarabi uses the basic principles of Aristotle and has applied them to his principles of the Doctrine of the Intellect in order to rationalize his philosophy. Alfarabi was a philosopher that grabbed new ideas and harnessed them with some of the greatest philosophical minds known to man. He took Aristotle to a new level, doesn't any true philosopher? He embodied the thoughts of previous minds, and united them with his own and became a very powerful influence on Islamic philosophy. It is clear that Aristotle was used to develop his Doctrine of the Intellect. The similarities, the context, and the rational are too similar to belong to anyone else.

Food Inc

H. White English 112 Mr. B 6 April 2013 FOOD INC When walking down the meat isle in the grocery store, do people stop to think where the meat came from? A lot of the labels on food will say that it is farm fresh, but does it really come from all natural environments or not? It is a good question to consider, because people have a right to know where their food is coming from and how it is processed.Throughout the Food Inc movie, it shows the animals growing environments and also explains how the animals are given steroids that increase the speed of their growth. This is dangerous for people because if we are eating this meat, it can be harmful and also unhealthy for us to consume. The companies responsible for the processing of the food, refuse to talk about how the process works, and buyers are starting to feel like the companies are hiding something and it is important that people find out; they have a right to know. Some people feel like since they are getting a good deal on their food that they don’t care about where it comes from because it is cheap and always available. † (Food Inc. ) Money is a big issue for many people, and even the people with a lot of money don’t mind getting a good deal at the grocery store. The other side of this would be that some people feel that they want to spend their money on something that is not only cheap, but safe and healthy. People deserve to know where the food they consume is coming from.Until companies are willing to talk to the people and explain what is going on and how they do their job, it is going to be an argument. Many effects are added to the film to make it seem more dramatic and real. It uses animated effect, zooming, and also rotating effect where it goes all the way around the area to show the setting. Animated effects were used to show different animals that the processing is done to, and also the list of stores that sells products from certain companies such as TYSON.Zooming effect is used to get an up-close look of what is going on to the animals, what is in their food, and also to show down inside of the machines that the chickens go through. The rotating effects show the setting in one part of the film where one of the chicken owners let the camera people come in and see the environment that the chickens are growing and living in. It shows proof of how harsh the living environment and growing process of the chickens are.Emotion is also a part of this film. It will either cause a person to feel a negative, positive, or mixed feeling on the subject. This refers to the Ethos of the film. Some people may feel happy because the way the chickens are given growth hormones means people have more food sources and it comes in faster and cheaper. Other people may be upset because it harms the animals and throws off the natural growth process. Some other people may think it doesn’t really matter as long as people have food.Each person has their own opinion, but th at is why it is important that the actual facts and processes are detailed to the people, so that people can understand and decide for themselves how they feel about it. In conclusion, the film is a trustworthy source because it has actual video of proof to back its statements up. The film talks about the chickens living in harsh and dirty environments, the way they are given growth hormones to speed up the growth process and increase the size of the breasts, and also how the cows are fed a corn- based food.All of the statements that are made about the processes of food sources, have video footage to show and explain what is being said to the viewer(s). It is also a published movie that is considered a documentary and is shown is schools, so it must be a reliable source to be used in our educational system and to have video of people who participate in the food processing. Citations: Food Inc. Dir. Robert Kenner. Perf. Michael Pollan, Eric Schlosser, and Gary Hirshberg. Magnolia Pic tures. DVD. Food Inc | | | | | Food Inc 4/6/13 In class last Tuesday we watched a documentary called Food Inc. This film was an eye opener for most people but being that I am a sixth generation farmer I understand how the seed, meat, and poultry corporations work. This film discussed the problems with the food industry today, and what we need to do to change the future of how our food is made and processed. In the first section of this documentary they talked about the food industry as a whole and how most of the food industry is ran by four or five big industries.This should not be how it is ran as off right now and today these companies are monopolies and run unsafe facilities not for just the people that work there but how the production process is ran. This documentary also covered the meat is being produced in unsafe and unnatural way. While feeding cattle corn is a great way to make them larger quicker, it still is not the right way to feed cattle because feeding them too much corn can cause them t o die because of a disease called e-coli.When cattle get this disease it sometimes is not caught and the cow gets slaughtered and ends up on our dinner plate and then we receive the disease by eating the meat. This needs to change cows need to be fed grass and hay, and should not be on a corn only diet. This film also covered the poultry industry and how poultry is being grown at a very fast rate and how the chicken houses are not safe or very sanitary. The poultry houses are sealed with no sunlight. Chickens in these houses are bigger and grown at a faster rate which often leads to death and disease.The last section of this film talks about the seed corporation. During this section they discussed how farmers were getting the short end of the stick with trying to battle with Monsanto, which is the largest seed producing company in America. It is bad that farmers only have one place to go for seed for crops and after Monsanto buys all the other seed companies in America where do farm ers turn when they don’t have the funds to keep running. Those farmers turn to banks for loans to buy the seed from this company and hopes that it will produce. If that seed doesn’t produce a good crop farmers go bankrupt.This documentary doesn’t state but shows what America’s food industry is turning into and is heading to a monopoly industry. The food industry is failing as a whole and America should take it back by growing and raising our own food. We should rely less on foods that are highly processed, and put more back to farmers to make a new food industry. Without farmers America would fail. It’s like my Father always says â€Å"farmers built this country, and only a farmer can rebuild it†. We need to change what we are doing to our food, in the end we are only hurting ourselves by producing poor food quality. Food Inc H. White English 112 Mr. B 6 April 2013 FOOD INC When walking down the meat isle in the grocery store, do people stop to think where the meat came from? A lot of the labels on food will say that it is farm fresh, but does it really come from all natural environments or not? It is a good question to consider, because people have a right to know where their food is coming from and how it is processed.Throughout the Food Inc movie, it shows the animals growing environments and also explains how the animals are given steroids that increase the speed of their growth. This is dangerous for people because if we are eating this meat, it can be harmful and also unhealthy for us to consume. The companies responsible for the processing of the food, refuse to talk about how the process works, and buyers are starting to feel like the companies are hiding something and it is important that people find out; they have a right to know. Some people feel like since they are getting a good deal on their food that they don’t care about where it comes from because it is cheap and always available. † (Food Inc. ) Money is a big issue for many people, and even the people with a lot of money don’t mind getting a good deal at the grocery store. The other side of this would be that some people feel that they want to spend their money on something that is not only cheap, but safe and healthy. People deserve to know where the food they consume is coming from.Until companies are willing to talk to the people and explain what is going on and how they do their job, it is going to be an argument. Many effects are added to the film to make it seem more dramatic and real. It uses animated effect, zooming, and also rotating effect where it goes all the way around the area to show the setting. Animated effects were used to show different animals that the processing is done to, and also the list of stores that sells products from certain companies such as TYSON.Zooming effect is used to get an up-close look of what is going on to the animals, what is in their food, and also to show down inside of the machines that the chickens go through. The rotating effects show the setting in one part of the film where one of the chicken owners let the camera people come in and see the environment that the chickens are growing and living in. It shows proof of how harsh the living environment and growing process of the chickens are.Emotion is also a part of this film. It will either cause a person to feel a negative, positive, or mixed feeling on the subject. This refers to the Ethos of the film. Some people may feel happy because the way the chickens are given growth hormones means people have more food sources and it comes in faster and cheaper. Other people may be upset because it harms the animals and throws off the natural growth process. Some other people may think it doesn’t really matter as long as people have food.Each person has their own opinion, but th at is why it is important that the actual facts and processes are detailed to the people, so that people can understand and decide for themselves how they feel about it. In conclusion, the film is a trustworthy source because it has actual video of proof to back its statements up. The film talks about the chickens living in harsh and dirty environments, the way they are given growth hormones to speed up the growth process and increase the size of the breasts, and also how the cows are fed a corn- based food.All of the statements that are made about the processes of food sources, have video footage to show and explain what is being said to the viewer(s). It is also a published movie that is considered a documentary and is shown is schools, so it must be a reliable source to be used in our educational system and to have video of people who participate in the food processing. Citations: Food Inc. Dir. Robert Kenner. Perf. Michael Pollan, Eric Schlosser, and Gary Hirshberg. Magnolia Pic tures. DVD. Food Inc | | | | | Food Inc 4/6/13 In class last Tuesday we watched a documentary called Food Inc. This film was an eye opener for most people but being that I am a sixth generation farmer I understand how the seed, meat, and poultry corporations work. This film discussed the problems with the food industry today, and what we need to do to change the future of how our food is made and processed. In the first section of this documentary they talked about the food industry as a whole and how most of the food industry is ran by four or five big industries.This should not be how it is ran as off right now and today these companies are monopolies and run unsafe facilities not for just the people that work there but how the production process is ran. This documentary also covered the meat is being produced in unsafe and unnatural way. While feeding cattle corn is a great way to make them larger quicker, it still is not the right way to feed cattle because feeding them too much corn can cause them t o die because of a disease called e-coli.When cattle get this disease it sometimes is not caught and the cow gets slaughtered and ends up on our dinner plate and then we receive the disease by eating the meat. This needs to change cows need to be fed grass and hay, and should not be on a corn only diet. This film also covered the poultry industry and how poultry is being grown at a very fast rate and how the chicken houses are not safe or very sanitary. The poultry houses are sealed with no sunlight. Chickens in these houses are bigger and grown at a faster rate which often leads to death and disease.The last section of this film talks about the seed corporation. During this section they discussed how farmers were getting the short end of the stick with trying to battle with Monsanto, which is the largest seed producing company in America. It is bad that farmers only have one place to go for seed for crops and after Monsanto buys all the other seed companies in America where do farm ers turn when they don’t have the funds to keep running. Those farmers turn to banks for loans to buy the seed from this company and hopes that it will produce. If that seed doesn’t produce a good crop farmers go bankrupt.This documentary doesn’t state but shows what America’s food industry is turning into and is heading to a monopoly industry. The food industry is failing as a whole and America should take it back by growing and raising our own food. We should rely less on foods that are highly processed, and put more back to farmers to make a new food industry. Without farmers America would fail. It’s like my Father always says â€Å"farmers built this country, and only a farmer can rebuild it†. We need to change what we are doing to our food, in the end we are only hurting ourselves by producing poor food quality.

What is Wisdom?

I. Has your view of wisdom changed since the beginning of the course? Explain how and why. Since the beginning of the course, my view of wisdom remained the same. However, I was able to enrich my knowledge because of the definitions and discussion on the subject by the different philosophers whose ideas of wisdom greatly shaped the word. After taking the course I was able to come up with the conclusion that wisdom can be defined differently according to observations of a person towards how wisdom is being used or misused. Interestingly, even scholars and the learned have their respective sets of definition for wisdom. However, it will still be evident that in the bottom line, wisdom will still be one thing and this is how a person uses the capability of his mind to create or make decisions. There are things in my preliminary essay which I questioned throughout the course. One example is the thought that wisdom is the use of intellect. There were times in the course of study where wisdom is discussed in terms of emotion, or the heart. This made me wonder whether wisdom is purely the mind’s work, and assessing the different definitions I came into the conclusion that my preliminary thoughts were true. Still, there are parts in my former definition of wisdom that changed. I pointed out early on that wisdom amongst children and the younger adults may be lacking due to being inexperienced which I now proved otherwise. As Thoreau points out, the older a wise person becomes the less his wisdom becomes significant because of new things and developments that occur everyday. Thus, there are certain aspects where a child or a young adult may know more while an older, more experienced person know less or nothing about. In the same way, old knowledge may be more familiar to an older person when compared to a younger one. Yet I still remain faithful to the fact that the definitions pertinent to wisdom are numerous, as I pointed out in my preliminary essay. Wisdom can be identified with the current pre-occupation of the person defining it—whereas a scientist may define wisdom in a scientific way, a teacher may define it in an instructive way, and a student may define it in a learner’s way. The possibilities in which wisdom may be defined are endless. II. Whose view (Socrates, Thoreau, Huxley, Piper, or Frankl) seems to be most reasonable? Why? Of the views discussed in class, Thoreau’s is the most significant. He stated that a man’s wisdom and ignorance are results of his time, citing the yield of people to superstition of their time as an example. (Creating Minds, 2007) This is especially true even to this day and age. A person may be wise for his age, but new studies, inventions, and scholarly developments can tend to outdate his wisdom and in the process introduce other people who can seem wiser an fuller because their knowledge is far more updated that the wise people ahead of them. In hindsight, this is why a person would never cease learning, because once he does his wisdom will definitely deteriorate. Mencken states that the older he grows he realized that wisdom does not come of age. This is ratified by Van Buren, who likened wisdom coming from age with wine saying it a person will only be wise with age like wine if the grapes are good enough to begin with. (Moncur, 2007) True enough, knowledge does not come of age. Wisdom is brought about by a never-ending free-flow of knowledge despite age. Children and young adults can get a deep well of wisdom if they are motivated to learn, and adults will also improve on their wisdom if they do not stop learning. Continuous learning is an important aspect of sustaining wisdom, whereby new information consistently is being added up to one’s well of knowledge which he can process and use to make sound and wise decisions. To be wholly wise, it is important that a person gets out of his somfort zone and try things that are not normally done by someone his age, or someone whose occupation is similar to him. When a person is not open to learn new things, even if he has the age capability to learn them, he will be outdated with information and his well of wisdom gets short of this additional information. III. Whose view (Socrates, Thoreau, Huxley, Piper, or Frankl) seems to be the least reasonable? Why? Of the views discussed in class, Frankl’s is the least reasonable. To begin with, he insists that wisdom comes from the heart and that this can make wisdom more sensible than the wisdom wrought from the mind. Given that this is factual in its deepest sense, wisdom still goes back to being a function of the mind. Questioning everything, Lichtenberg said, is the first step to wisdom—and altogether accepting that everything is the last step to wisdom. (Moncur, 2007) Therefore, it is difficult to accept that wisdom from the heart, though claimed more sensible, is the real essence of wisdom. It is true that wisdom can be affected by what the heart feels, but the capability to be wise is exclusively spawned by the mind. There may be contentions to this. A charity worker, for example, may prove it wise to day that true wisdom comes from the heart because the nature of the work he is in touches more in emotion. On the other hand, a scholar whose preoccupation is more on knowledge and improving this knowledge will prove this otherwise. Again, definitions will vary according to who is defining the word. Yet it is still improbable to say that this is reasonable as compared to wisdom’s other definitions by other scholars and philosophers, especially those whose ideas were discussed in class. This sums up how the work of the mind breeds wisdom. It is not the heart which is wise. Emotions bred by the heart are also not acceptable, as scientifically it has been noted that it is the hypothalamus and not the heart that is capable of telling a person how to respond through emotions. In summation, this says that Frankl’s definition of wisdom can be misinterpreted in a lot of ways, and thus it is the least reasonable as compared to the definitions by other philosophers whose definitions were discussed in class.

How the Internet Has Changed World Culture Essays

How the Internet Has Changed World Culture Essays How the Internet Has Changed World Culture Essay How the Internet Has Changed World Culture Essay Name Instructor Course Date How the Internet Has Changed World Culture The advent of the internet was a mundane solution to a logistics problem experienced by scientists. They needed to share resources and a way to connect computers to share the resources among them presented a problem they were eager to tackle. Hence, the internet was invented to overcome this challenge. The current growth of the internet to its modern proportions was further facilitated by the World Wide Web. The web helped people access information on the internet. Since then the growth of the internet in terms of its uses has expanded exponentially, consequently influencing the world culture in numerous ways. The interconnectedness the internet offers has helped the innovation of new and varied ways of communication. This has ensured that the physical borders that existed have been sufficiently broken down. It started with email and extended to blogs and social networking platforms that have connected people. The exchange of ideologies has lead to the world being reduced to a global village. Information and opinions travel across continents faster, and the world is becoming more unified in certain aspects of life. This is exhibited by the revolutions that tool place in the Arabic world. The youth organized coups to oust dictatorial regimes via social media. The internet has changed the way people gather information. At the touch of a button, a barrage of information is available instantly. The control some institutions like governments used to have over the flow of information has been shattered by the free access to this information in the internet. Such institutions are increasingly coming under scrutiny by the public that pays for their upkeep. The release of ‘confidential’ communication by the United State government and their embassies was recently made public knowledge via WikiLeaks. This is representative of the openness that the internet has afforded the masses as far as information was concerned. Freedom of communication has its disadvantage when it comes to the persons that can access information. Unfortunately, the mechanisms put in place are inadequate to ensure content of an adult nature does not fall into minors’ hands. The proliferation of a pornographic nature has permeated our culture to the extent that sexually explicit material is the norm, not the exception. Nearly all aspects of life have been sexualized and the generation growing up now views the public display of sexual acts as acceptable rather than taboo. The sexually driven culture is evident from music to fashion to advertising. Failure to place adequate restrictions to access has led to cyber crime. Crime has evolved to cover the theft of valuable information from the internet since people’s lives are moving to become virtual. With the increased convenience offered by offering services online, institutions such as banks have moved their services to increase efficiency. The continued transactions and storage of valuable information in the internet has attracted criminals. Using clever means, the friends are able to access the information they need to steal and defraud their victims. The internet has undergone monumental changes since its conception in 1969. Unwittingly, our lives are becoming more encompassed by the web. Even simple tasks like shopping can be carried out from the convenience of the individual with respect to time and space. The internet’s possibilities are endless. The great strides today might look like the tiniest steps in a few years from now. Its further influence on world culture is a matter of future observation.