The Poetry of Tony Harrison - 2614 Words

The Poetry of Tony Harrison Tony Harrison is almost certainly one of the most famous poets alive. Born in Leeds in 1937 he grew up in a working-class family. Harrison is a modern poet but chooses to use the traditional sonnet form as he considers the rigid structure and strict rhythm and rhyming rules which others find restricting, a challenge to him. He also sees it as a controlled technique of expressing his feelings. Francesco Petrach began using the sonnet at the beginning of Renaissance with his unusual rhyming pattern and stanzas of an octave and a sestet. Harrisons sonnets fit more into the structure of the later Shakespearean sonnet, with the ABABCDCD rhyming scheme and rhyming†¦show more content†¦These connotations come across well and it is striking for the reader, meaning they always have the thought of speech in their minds. The first section of the poem is mainly dialogue between his teacher and Harrison. He remembers a school production: I played the drunken porter in Macbeth. Harrisons teacher tells him Poetrys the speech of kings. Youre one of those Shakespeare gives the comic bits to. She makes him feel minor simply because of the way he speaks, and suggest he cannot speak gracefully enough for other parts. He refers to his own experiences that he clearly remembers distinctly which attract the readers attention and the reader becomes more sympathetic towards him. Harrison again shows his strong feelings on how society acts towards peoples speech differences in the quote your speech is in the hands of the Receivers. He is saying that their language has no value. He refers to speech in a context that is related with people who are bankrupt and have nothing left. This emphasises just how worthless the speech is, and how little value the way they pronounce it is. The second sonnet begins with colloquial speech and uses the language of the working class. 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Hr Case Study Free Essays

Table of Contents Executive summary2 Problem identification and analysis 3 Statement of major problems4 7. Generation and evaluation of alternate solutions 5 7. 1 Reducing reliance on sales force5 7. We will write a custom essay sample on Hr Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 Introduce team based targets and reward systems5 7. 3 Survey sales force on time allocated for different job aspects6 7. 4 Set maximum amount of voluntary additional work hours6 8. Recommendations7 9. Implementations 8 10. Concluding Remarks9 11. References10 12. Turnitin Originality report11-12 Executive summary Annette, the newly appointed HR manager feels that Terry, the company sales manager, despite loving his job and being passionate about the work he does, is a workaholic. She is afraid that Terry will not be able to keep up with this hectic schedule and that it would soon affect his health and work life balance. Even though his working habits shine a positive light on the company, it gives a certain peer pressure to his sales team to work equally long hours even when Terry does not insist that anyone work as long as him. Furthermore, Annett does not agree with what the CEO intends to do, to give Terry recognition and reward for his dedication and outstanding result, as it is a result of extreme work habits. However, the CEO feels that no one is forcing Terry to work long hours, and might think of it as legal as it is a voluntary effort. Problem identification and analysis Harvard Analytical Framework for Human Resource Management Stake holder Long term Individual well-being disrupted burn out internal departmental stress unnecessary pressure from Terry leads to team resignation societal effect educes effectiveness of sales team from undue pressure Long term Individual well-being disrupted burn out internal departmental stress unnecessary pressure from Terry leads to team resignation societal effect reduces effectiveness of sales team from undue pressure HR outcomes Commitment to work long hours due to rewarding of extreme work attitude Non compliance to legislation due to voluntary long hours Creates competent work force in short run due to extra hours HR outcomes Commitment to work long hours due to rewarding of extreme work attitude Non compliance to legislation due to voluntary long hours Creates competent work force in short run due to extra hours Choices rewarding behavior job design Possible lack of technology in job Uses new sales as main cash flow generator Choices rewarding behavior job design Possible lack of technology in job Uses new sales as main cash flow generator Interests CEO HR manager TerryHRM policyHR outcomesLong-Term Sales Forcerewarding behavi Job desginCommitment Individual Compliancewell-being Situational Factors * Long work hours * Legislation * Business Strategy * dependant on sales and conditions * sales target philosophy * Task Technology * societal values Situational Factors * Long work hours * Legislation * Business Strategy * dependant on sales and conditions * sales target * philosophy * Task Technology * societal values Human resourceCongruenc Source: Beer et al (1984) One of the principal problems that are shown in the case is the willingness to reward extreme work behavior in the organization. This positive reinforcement of Terryâ€⠄¢s working behavior will be indirectly showing to others that to gain recognition in the company, you would have to adopt extreme working behaviors like Terry. Furthermore, there is legislation that defines the working hours of a full time employee. However, the main problem is that organization allows voluntary increased working hours as it is deemed beneficial for the company. A third problem is that the company is relying heavily on its sales force to generate profit. These could be due to high sales targets given by management which Terry can only achieve by increasing working hours excessively. Statement of major problems It can be derived that the company is relying heavily on its sales force, possibly on direct sales and new customers instead of recurring and retention of customers. This would be directly linked to the perceived need for Terry to increase working hours dramatically to fulfill his individual sales targets. Another Critical issue lies in the voluntary non-compliance of legislation. This, coupled with higher management of not only accepting extreme work habits, but with the intention of rewarding, would indirectly tell other employees that reward and recognition comes with extreme input of work hours. Furthermore, the sales force is obliged to work equally long hours like Terry, which would eventually result in this being custom and practice. This could be due to the setting of difficult individual performance measurements in terms of sales clinched per month. 7. Generation and evaluation of alternate solutions 7. 1 Reducing reliance on sales force. There is a heavy reliance on sales force to secure customers for the company. Instead of constantly sourcing new customers to meet individual targets, the sales force could work on retaining existing customers by practicing relationship marketing as it is more cost effective to do so. Relationship marketing is most applicable when the customer has choices of their suppliers and switching is coming and there is a continued need for the service (Berry. 2002). A great example would be the research done by Moon-Koo (2004) on Korean mobile telecommunications services which showed that the industry believes that the crucial future marketing strategy was to try to retain existing customers by increasing customer loyalty and customer value. Payne and Adrian (1994) concluded that securing of new clients is merely the first step in the marketing process, the crux lies in retaining the customer, with organizations often confirming that existing customers are not only more profitable than new customers, but also easier to sell to. The company should come up with customer loyalty schemes to retain customers, which will help the sales force with achieving sales targets 7. 2 Introduce team based targets and reward systems Another alternate solution would be to reduce individual target and rewards, and introduce team based sales target and reward system. Hackman Walton (1986) suggested that successful group work will contribute to the growth and personal well-being of team members. By reducing individual target and reward systems, not removing, it would ensure the sales force meet the minimum amount. However, with the team based targets and rewards in place and scaled slightly higher than the sum of all individual targets, the sales force would be motivated to strive towards achieving team based goals. Research has shown teams with difficult goals perform optimally when incentives are offered (Knight, 2001). Performance is directly influenced by goals, but incentives did not. The offer of an incentive increased the commitment of most teams with difficult goals, proving to be highly beneficial (Knight, 2001). 7. 3 Survey sales force on time allocated for different job aspects It would be best to survey the sales force to define which area of their job takes up the most time. Asking for the employee’s feedback to improve the work system has always proved invaluable, with research showing that 360-degree feedback boosting communications and performance of their managers and organizations (Bernardin Beatty, 1987). The 360-degree approach shows that without feedback there can only be minimal change, and that various constituencies can provide diverse viewpoints and information (London, 1993). In the research done by Marshall (1999), there is a change in communication-related technology, especially in the 1990s where there was an improvement in communication between salespeople and customers due to the reduction in salespeople travel requirements. By asking the sales force for their opinions, new systems, process and new technologies can be developed to help save time and energies. If these new technologies are inserted into the right parts of the job, such as online video calling existing customers to confirm advertising orders instead of travelling to meet them, a large portion of time would be saved without compromising on the quality of customer service. 7. 4 Set maximum amount of voluntary additional work hours According to Fairwork Australia website, a full time employee work an average of 38 hours per week, also under the National Employment Standards, Maximum eekly hours of work is 38 hours per week, plus reasonable additional hours. Terry is working 60 hours a week, 22 hours more than required. Even though it is voluntary, it is still a considerable health hazard to overwork consistently. Sparks et al. (1997) suggests that there is a small but significant positive trend that links increased hours of work to increased health symptoms. Buell Breslow (1960) also found that employees who work in sedentary positions for extended hours suffer from health pr oblems due to the lack of exercise. Having research proving that overworking consistently provides a multitude of health hazards, it can be determined that Terry is not taking reasonable care of his own health and safety which can be found under the work health and safety act Division 4 section 28- Duties of workers, while at work, a worker must: (a)   Take reasonable care for his or her own health and safety. A solution to prevent employees from voluntary overworking is to set a maximum amount of voluntary additional work hours. Regardless of whether employees are meeting their sales target within the normal working hours, they are allocated a maximum set of extra hours to either over perform or chase up to their sales targets. Recommendations In order to maintain the efficiency of the business while not impacting the overall performance of the sales department, it is recommended that a maximum amount of additional voluntary work hours be set in order to prevent working excessive extra hours as custom and practise. A 360 degree feedback should be carried out on the sales force to ascertain the most time consuming aspects of the job, and to develop solutions and put in place technology to save time to increase the efficiency of the sales force. Higher management would need to review the key performance indicators of the sales force, and reduce individual goals and set in place challenging team goals with additional incentives to motivate the sales force to achieve more in synergy. This would go hand in hand with the creation of customer loyalty schemes to retain existing customers, and training for the sales force would be needed to allow them to utilise the loyalty schemes to the company’s advantage. Implementations Reward Terry for dedication to firm| ASAP| Set in maximum additional voluntary work hours and explain to organization and work life balance| Immediately after rewarding Terry| 360 degree feedback of sales department| Depending on how big the sales department is. Estimated 6 months. Review KPIs and restructure to team settings| 1 year| Creation of customer loyalty schemes| In conjunction with restructuring to team goals| Terry would need to rewarded for his stellar performance for the company, where the recognition need to be structured politically correct as to prevent others from thinking Terry is being rewarded due to him putting in excessive hours. A follow up to that would be to implement maximum additional voluntary work hours after a clear work life balance talk to the company. This would put in place that to over achieve is good, but the organization does not support extreme work behaviors. The next step would be to hire an external agent to conduct a 360 feedback on the sales department to seek to reduce time hoarding elements of the job. It is essential to review new technologies and how they would assist the department in carrying out their jobs. Proper training would have to be provided to ensure the sales forces are kept up to date with the new technologies. After the aspects of the job have been redefined, higher management should review the KPI of the sales department and restructure more into collectivism with individual hybrid elements to motivate the sales force to work in teams to achieve even harder goals that is ever achievable by their own. This would go in conjunction with the sales force developing customer loyalty schemes as the sales force would know what attracts their clients the most and would thus be the best equipped to develop the loyalty schemes. Concluding remarks It is of paramount importance to not undermine the value of Terry’s work; however measures must be put in place to curb extreme work habits. The core structure of the a salesperson job aspect would need to be reviewed, so as to determine areas which can be revised with the addition of new technology to help save the time and energies of the work force. This, coupled with the restructuring the performance indicators to embrace a more collective approach by placing difficult team goals which when achieved, give higher incentives. This would motivate employees to work together in teams. Lastly, the organization needs to realize that retaining existing customers is more profitable than attracting new customers, and the company will benefit from requesting the sales force to create a customer loyalty scheme, and to incorporate it into a core component of the sale’s department duties. References 1. Bemardin, J. H. , Beatty, R. W. (1987). Can subordinate appraisals enhance managerial productivity? Sloan Management Review, 28(4), 63-73. 2. Bud, P. Breslow, L. (1960). Mortality from coronary heart disease in California men who work long hours. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 11, 61 5-626. 3. Hackman, J. R. amp; Walton, R. E. (1986) Leading groups in organizations. In: Designing Effective Work Groups, Goodman, P. (ed. ), pp. 72 ±119. Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco 4. Kim, Moon-Koo  (03/2004). â€Å"The effects of customer satisfaction and switching barrier on customer loyalty in Korean mobile telecommunication services†. Telecommunications policy  (0308-5961),  28  (2),  Ã‚  145. DOI:  10. 1016/j. telpol. 2003. 12. 003 5. Leonard L. Berry (2002): Relationship Marketing of Services. Perspectives from 1983 and 2000, Journal of Relationship Marketing, 1:1, 59-77 6. London, Manuel  (1993). â€Å"360-degree feedback as a competitive advantage†. Human resource management  (0090-4848),  32  (2-3),  Ã‚  353. DOI:  10. 1002/hrm. 3930320211 7. Marshall, Greg  W  (01/1999). â€Å"The Current State of Sales Force Activities†. Industrial marketing management  (0019-8501),  28  (1),  Ã‚  87. DOI:  10. 1016/S0019-8501(98)00025-X 8. Knight, D. (04/2001). â€Å"THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEAM GOALS, INCENTIVES, AND EFFICACY TO STRATEGIC RISK, TACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION, AND PERFORMANCE. â€Å". Academy of Management journal  (0001-4273),  44  (2),  Ã‚  326. DOI:  10. 2307/3069459 9. Sparks, K. , Cooper, C. , Fried, Y. and Shirom, A. (1997), The effects of hours of work on health: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70:  391–408. doi:  10. 1111/j. 2044-8325. 1997. tb00656. x 10. Payne, Adrian  (1994). â€Å"Relationship Marketing – Making the Customer Count†. Managing service quality  (0960-4529),  4  (6),  Ã‚  29. Turnitin Originality Report OHS case study  by Yuxuan Huang From Individual Work health and Safety Case (BUS320 – BUS320 Advanced Human Resource Perspectives (s1, 2013)) * Processed on 12-Mar-2013 5:19 PM WST * ID: 311507218 * Word Count: 2170 Similarity Index 16% Similarity by Source Internet  Sources: 12% Publications: 9% Student  Papers: 12% sources: 1 2% match (Internet from 17-Apr-2012) ttp://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/j. 2044-8325. 1997. tb00656. x/abstract 2 1% match (publications) Stacie Furst. â€Å"Virtual team effectiveness: a proposed research agenda†, Information Systems Journal, 10/1999 3 1% match (Internet from 21-Jan-2013) http://www. monarorfs. org . au/new-machi? limitstart=15 4 1% match (publications) Kate Sparks. â€Å"The effects of hours of work on health: A meta-analytic review†, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 12/1997 5 1% match (student papers from 30-Apr-2012) Submitted to University of Sydney on 2012-04-30 6 1% match (student papers from 08-Sep-2011) Submitted to Macquarie University on 2011-09-08 7 1% match (Internet from 06-Jul-2010) http://jom. sagepub. com/cgi/content/refs/36/1/5 8 1% match (Internet from 06-May-2009) http://members. chello. nl/~e. vanoverveld/images/Thesis. PDF 9 1% match (publications) Warech, M. A.. â€Å"Self-monitoring and 360-degree ratings†, The Leadership Quarterly, 199824 10 1% match (Internet from 10-Mar-2013) http://ro. uow. edu. au/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1301context=commpaperssei- 11 1% match (student papers from 12-May-2010) Submitted to University of Western Sydney on 2010-05-12 12 1% match (publications) Marshall, G. W.. â€Å"The Current State of Sales Force Activities†, Industrial Marketing Management, 199901 13 1% match (student papers from 25-Oct-2009) Submitted to Curtin University of Technology on 2009-10-25 14 1% match (Internet from 02-Apr-2010) http://www. wairc. wa. gov. au/Agreements/Agrmnt2005/PBF016. doc 15 1% match (publications) Karjaluoto, Heikki, Chanaka Jayawardhena, Matti LeppA ¤niemi, and Minna PihlstrA ¶m. â€Å"How value and trust influence loyalty in wireless telecommunications industry†, Telecommunications Policy, 2012. 16 1% match (student papers from 11-Sep-2009) Submitted to Univerza v Ljubljani on 2009-09-11 7 1% match (Internet from 16-Apr-2009) http://dissertations. port. ac. uk/357/01/BelliardC. pdf 18 1% match (Internet from 20-Feb-2009) http://www. busmgt. ulster. ac. uk/modules/bmg775m2/fig. doc 19 1% match (Internet from 18-Jan-2013) http://www. aom. pace. edu/amj/April2001/knight. pdf 20 1% match (Internet from 29-Apr-2012) http://www. vaw o. nl/documents/OccupationalstressAustraliauniversities. pdf 21 1% match (publications) Lee, Hyung Seok. â€Å"Major Moderators Influencing the Relationships of Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty†, Asian Social Science, 2013. 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The Scarlet Letter vs. the Great Gatsby free essay sample

She is also in conflict with her husband because he is not giving up on finding out who had an affair with her. This classic novel shares many literary elements with The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. However, can we say that both novels are similar? We will discuss this matter by comparing and contrasting the main male tragic heroes in each novel as well as the same themes used in each books. Nathaniel Hawthorne, the author of The Scarlet Letter, was born on July 4th 1804, in Salem, Massachusetts. He was the second child of a U. S Navy Captain who died of yellow fever in Suriname in 1808. Since he was only four years old, Nathaniel was raised by his older sibling and his mom. As he got older, he grew this insane love for writing. He wrote and published his first piece of literature, The Spectator, in the August of year 1820. To share his talents, he distributed that newsmagazine to all of his loved ones. A year later, Hawthorne enters in Bowdoin College, where he became friends with the future poet, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and future American President, Franklin Pierce. He then graduated in four years later in 1825. For the next ten years, Hawthorne begins to isolate himself from the world. He decides to stop talking to friends and family to focus on his writing to achieve his goal on becoming a successful author. Three years after his decade of intense isolation, Hawthorne publishes his first novel anonymously, Fanshawe. Unfortunately, Fanshawe did not bring success to Hawthorne at all. After publishing two more short stories with his original name, Nathaniel Hathorne, Hawthorne decides to add a â€Å"w† in his last name in 1830 for professional and personal uses. Nine years later, Hawthorne finds a job at the Custom House in Boston. A couple years after, he decides to quit his job to move Brook Farm in Massachusetts until the following November. After a three-year engagement, Hawthorne marries a painter named Sophia Peabody on July 9th 1842. He then has two children with her: Una, his daughter, and Julian, his son. A couple years after his children’s birth, Hawthorne loses his job at the Salem Custom House because of a political shakeup. To revenge his frustration against his town, he starts to work on The Scarlet Letter, a novel that talks about hypocrisy and adultery in Salem. A month later, Hawthorne enters into a deep depression after the death of his mother but still keeps writing on his novel which is published in March, 1850 and becomes a huge success. A little over a decade later, after his third child was born, Hawthorne dies on May 19th, 1864 on a vacation with Franklin Pierce, a friend and the former President of America. To begin, The Scarlet Letter and The Great Gatsby share many similar characteristics in the two main male characters: Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale from The Scarlet Letter and Jay Gatsby from The Great Gatsby. First of all, they had both committed adultery with the woman they fell in love with. Also, they are both tragic heroes; they are noble but imperfect, successful and powerful men but deal with aggravation in their personal lives and, theses two characters brought their own downfall with their hamartia. Dimmesdale was a respected Reverend who was gifted with wisdom. He lived most of his life in secrecy and regret when he kept silent that he was the man who had committed adultery with Hester Prynne. Because of this, until he spoke the truth, Hester was not respected and was discriminated in their community. Additionally, their society did not consider her daughter as a human because they did not know who the father was. Gatsby was also a noble and successful man but he was not happy with his life. He was disappointed of his past because his born into a poor family and he was trying to win back the love of his life but couldn’t because she was married. Gatsby and Dimmesdale are also similar in the fact that they were both suffering for the woman they loved. Dimmesdale really wanted to reveal that he was the father of Hester’s daughter but did not want to suffer from the consequences. Gatsby also wanted to expose his love for Daisy and win her back but he had to surpass the obstacle of her being married to a different man. Although these two tragic heroes are similar, they also share some contracting elements. Firstly, they both live in different time periods; Dimmesdale lived in the 19th century and Gatsby lived in the 20th century. In addition, both characters have different meanings for love. For example, n the novel The Great Gatsby, when Jay Gatsby confesses his love for Daisy, we notice he is only focusing on how much he loved her house and her possessions. â€Å"He hadn’t once ceased looking at Daisy, and I think he revalued everything in his house according to the measure of response it drew from her well-loved eyes. Sometimes, too, he stared around at his possessions in a dazed way, as though in her actual and ast ounding presence none of it was any longer real. Once he nearly toppled down a flight of stairs. † (Fitzgerald 96). Therefore, Gatsby only loved Daisy for her wealth and her social class. On the other hand, Arthur Dimmesdale truly loved Hester Prynne for who she was from the beginning. Consequently, Gatsby is shallow compared to Dimmesdale. Furthermore, Gatsby did not have any real friends. Most of the people he hung out with where his business partners who only used him to make money and attend his fancy parties. On the contrary, Dimmesdale was surrounded with people who truly loved him and respected him for who he was. This is why when Gatsby died, almost nobody attended his funeral and Dimmesdale died in the arms of his loved ones. As a final point, these characters have both similar and contrasting elements. In addition, The Scarlet Letter and The Great Gatsby both have common themes: adultery and the judgment of society. By way of contrast, the same themes of each story are explained differently. To begin, in both novels, the theme of adultery is explained in unison: adultery will lead to many consequences. It is the theme of how society is judging adultery that is important. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne had an affair with Dimmesdale and her society did not agree with this action. She was punished for her decisions and had to spend years being discriminated by her own friends and neighbors. It wasn’t until the end of the book, when Dimmesdale came forward of him being Pearl’s father, that Hester and Dimmesdale seeked forgiveness and became free of guilt by becoming better people. As Pearl grew older, Hester’s society appreciated her and looked up to her as a mother figure; â€Å" Such helpfulness was found in her – so much power to do and power to sympathize – that many people refused to interpret the scarlet â€Å"A† by its original signification. They said it was â€Å"Able†; so strong was Hester Prynne, with a woman’s strength† (Hawthorne 145). Hence, in the time period that Hester lived in, her community put a lot of energy and cares towards tradition and did not believe in those satanic actions. However, in the novel, The Great Gatsby, when Tom had his affairs with Myrtle and when Daisy had her affairs with Gatsby, all of their friends and family knew about it but did not care because it was none of their business. The society they lived in only cared about living the American dream. These characters only committed adultery for the pleasure of it. They had no remorse for one another. But, Daisy and Tom both felt guilty when the people they were committing adultery with had died of tragic accidents. They were both suffering from their pains. It was only Nick Carraway, Daisy’s cousin, who thought that their actions were inappropriate and disgusting. As a final point, both novels share similar themes but are judged differently. To answer the question, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, is similar to F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. We can conclude with this answer because Arthur Dimmesdale and Jay Gatsby are two different characters that made the same mistakes and had the same ambitions: committing adultery with the woman they loved and wishing to be with them for the rest of their lives no matter how big their obstacles are. Also, both novels share the same themes and messages on how adultery can cause a negative affect in one’s life. On the other hand, since both stories were written in different time periods, the community in where the characters lived in had a different point of view on adultery. Works cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott, and Matthew J. Bruccoli. The Great Gatsby. New York: Collier, 1992. Print. Nathaniel Hawthorne Biography. Nathaniel Hawthorne. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Jan. 2013. Nathaniel Hawthorne Timeline. Shmoop. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Jan. 2013. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter: Includes DVD. New York: Signet Classics, 2005. Print. [ 1 ]. Nathaniel Hawthorne Timeline. Shmoop. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Jan. 2013. [ 2 ]. Nathaniel Hawthorne Biography. Nathaniel Hawthorne. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Jan. 2013. [ 3 ]. Hamartia: flaw, mistake or error.